Friday, January 4, 2008

Types of ruling systems in the world.

***From GyPsyGal.moblog dated 4 Jan 2008, 1:33:26 PM***
1. Republic
A republic is a state or country that is not led by a hereditary monarch, where the people of that state or country (or at least a part of that people) have impact on its government, and that is usually indicated as a republic.
Do You Know?
  • Republic is the most numerous form of government, at least officially, with 132 nations claiming to be republics in their official names. Many specify a type of republic. For instance, Egypt and Syria are specifically Arab Republics, Guyana is specifically a Cooperative Republic, and Algeria claims to be a Democratic & Popular Republic.

    • 2. Democracy
    In political theory, Democracy describes a small number of related forms of government and also a political philosophy. A common feature of democracy as currently understood and practiced is competitive elections. Competitive elections are usually seen to require freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and some degree of rule of law. Civilian control of the military is often seen as necessary to prevent military dictatorship and interference with political affairs. In some countries, democracy is based on the philosophical principle of equal rights.
    Example of countries following this system: USA and Singapore!

    THE PILLARS OF DEMOCRACY
    • Sovereignty of the people.
    • Government based upon consent of the governed.
    • Majority rule.
    • Minority rights.
    • Guarantee of basic human rights.
    • Free and fair elections.
    • Equality before the law.
    • Due process of law.
    • Constitutional limits on government.
    • Social, economic, and political pluralism.
    • Values of tolerance, pragmatism, cooperation, and compromise.

    Sounds familiar?
    3. Marxism/ Coimmunism
    Communist state is a term used by many political scientists to describe a form of government in which the state operates under a one-party system and declares allegiance to Marxism-Leninism or a derivative thereof.
    What separates Communist states from other one-party systems is the fact that ruling authorities in a Communist state refer to Marxism-Leninism as their guiding ideology. For Marxist-Leninists, the state and the Communist Party claim to act in accordance with the wishes of the industrial working class; for Maoists, the state and party claim to act in accordance to the peasantry.

    List of current Communist states
    Countries where institutions of the communist party and state are intertwined:

    4. Socialism
    Socialism is a broad array of ideologies and political movements with the goal of a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. This control may be either directly exercised through popular collectives such as workers' councils or indirectly exercised on behalf of the people by the state. As an economic system, socialism is often characterized by socialized (state or community) ownership of the means of production).
    Recent facts:

    In some Latin American countries, socialism has re-emerged in recent years, with an anti-imperialist stance, the rejection of the policies of neo-liberalism and the nationalisation or part nationalisation of oil production, land and other assets. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez and Bolivian President Evo Morales, for instance, refer to their political programs as socialist. Chávez has coined the term "21st century socialism" (sometimes translated more literally as "Socialism of the 21st century"). After winning re-election in December 2006, President Chávez said, "Now more than ever, I am obliged to move Venezuela's path towards socialism."[45]


    5. Dictatorship
    A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by a dictator.
    Autocratic--An autocracy is a form of government in which the political power is held by a single self appointed ruler.
    List of Dictators in Modern Times
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